Present Perfect

FORM

[has/have + past participle-verb 3]
Examples:     see- saw- seen

• You have seen that video many times.(affirmative)
• Have you seen that video many times? (question)
• You have not/haven't seen that video many times. (negative)
• She has just written the article.
• Has she written the article yet?
• She has not /hasn't written the article yet.

 

USE   Unspecified Time Actions Before the Present Time

The Present Perfect is used to express an action happened at an unspecified time before the present time. Specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc.cannot be used with the present perfect tense. You can use unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far/ up to now, already, just, yet, recently/lately, since, for etc.
Examples:

• I have watched that video ten times.
• I guess I have met him before.
• There have been many earthquakes in the Marmara.
• People have traveled to the Moon.
• He has already done the homework.
• Have you read the book yet?
• Nobody has ever learnt that secret.
• How long have you lived here? I have lived here since I was born.
• We have done 3 units so far.
• Have you listened to Metallica recently?
• He has just gone out.
• The Passive form of the Pres. Perfect tense is: Three exercises haven’t been done yet.

Use and Form of Simple Present Tense

Simple Present – frequency adverbs and phrases of time:

Here are adverbs of frequency (S.Present t. ile genelde fiilden önce kullanılan sıklık bildiren zarflar).

Always (hep) She always gets up at 7 o’clock.
often( sık sık) He often drinks a cup of coffee at breakfast.
usually (genelde) Mary usually washes her hair four times a week.
sometimes( bazen) They sometimes go for a walk together.
seldom (nadiren) We seldom eat ice-cream in winter.
never( asla) I never smoke.

Other phrases of time (Cümle sonunda veya başında kullanılan zaman bildiren sözcükler)

every day/night/morning/evening /afternoon/Sunday
every week/month/summer
every year
on Mondays
after school

Form of the Simple Present

We use the infinitive of the verb. In the 3rd person Singular (he, she, it - or a name) we put an -s at the end of the infinitive.

infinitive - 3rd person Singular (he, she, it) infinitive + -s

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Affirmative sentences:

I/we/you/they play football.
He/she/it/Arda plays football.

NOTE: he, she, it - Do not forget the -s.

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Negative sentences:

We use the auxiliary do/does.
I/we/you/they do not play football.
He/she/it does not play football.

NOTE: We often use short forms in negative sentences in the Simple Present:
I/we/you/they don't play football.
He/she/it doesn't play football.

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Questions:

Do I/we/you/they play football?
Does he/she/it play football?

What does she study at university?

Where does he work?

How many sandwiches do you eat ?

(But :Who knows English ? )

Simple Present - Use

The Simple Present is frequently used in English. It is also called Present Simple. Have a look at the following examples:

1) repeated actions (every day, always, often, sometimes or never)(tekrar edilen eylemler)

My friend often draws nice posters.
I never drink milk.

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2) things in general(genel olaylar)

The sun rises in the East.

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3) fixed arrangements, scheduled events (e.g. timetable)(kararlaştırılmış program eylemleri)

The plane flies to London every Monday.

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4) actions in the present - one follows after the other (first - then, after that)(Halen birbirini takipeden olaylar)

First I get up, then I have breakfast.

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5) instructions (direktifler)

Open your books at page 34.

Don’t come in.

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6) after special verbs, which are normally not used with the Present Progressive, also called "non-progressive verbs"(These verbs express states, possessions, feelings etc.)
be, believe, belong, hate, hear, like, love, mean, prefer, remain, realize, see, seem, smell, think, understand, want, wish (Bazı duygu, durum ve sahiplik gösteren fiillerle )

I understand English.

He doesn't like fish.

Does she love you?

Do you know Chinese?